Journal #11

It is very important to live your life by several important virtues. Honesty is a major one. When you live your life truthful, it is more fulfilling and happier. Lying creates tension, guilt, and has other negative impacts on your life. By being honest, you are able to not feel those feelings, and it allows other people to trust in what you say, and you to feel more free. You want people to believe in the things you say, and not doubt you. Another very important virtue is Loyalty. You can be loyal to a number of things, a person, an object, a pet, and many others. All these virtues run together, if you are not honest people will not believe you and therefore they will also not be loyal to you. Being loyal involves a fierce protectiveness and a want to have the best for them. Loyalty is very important because it entails forming bonds with someone or something that is not easily broken, these bonds are important for your character. Patience is another great virtue. Most people have heard of the saying, "Good things happen to people who wait.". This is true. Being a patient person will always have a positive outcome. A person who is not patient is not very likable because they will complain all of the time whenever they are waiting for something. The last good virtue is fortitude  Fortitude is the will to overcome fear or obstacles. This is very important because living your life sheltered is not really living your life at all. You need to be able to go out and do something spontaneous and unexpected. Fortitude is also important because it is like determination. When you set your mind to do something, it is the will to be able to follow through on that promise you made to yourself. By living your life by all of these virtues, your life will be more fulfilled and happier.

Reflection: Declaration of Independence

The Declaration of Independence was written in 1776 to claim America as an independent country from Great Britain. Thomas Jefferson, Benjamin Franklin, John Adams, and two others wrote this eloquent document. The Declaration of Independence was monumental in the separation with Britain and is still a very prominent piece of literature today. Although good for its time, we now know that the declaration had several flaws including faulty logic, and some propaganda techniques. Obviously, these false ideas are not very prominent, because of how useful this document was in 1776. The good, moral parts of the Declaration of Independence overshadow the faulty parts.

One of the first uses of faulty logic that popped out to me was within the fist few sentences. The statement of "That all men are created equal" is not a true statement (Jefferson 122). This is not true today and it definitely was not true at the time this was written in the 1770's. In colonial times, the only people that were equal were white males, middle-aged or older. Not only could women of any color, Indian men, or black men not vote or participate in the government, young white men had a very hard time getting involved in the government. Most of the delegates to the Second Continental Congress, where the Declaration of Independence was written and signed, were middle aged, the youngest being twenty-six. Jefferson's statement was incorrect, although at the time, it brought about feelings of hope and pride in equality, as only a select group of people were actually  "created equal" (Jefferson 122).

Later on in the "Declaration of Independence", Jefferson called the King of Great Britain a tyrant by indirectly referring to him by saying that cutting down on elected officials' representation was only "formidable to tyrants only" (Jefferson 123). Calling King George a tyrant is name calling propaganda. Normally that would make the reader turn away, because writing with name calling and finger pointing, it not something that people want to read. In this case, the audience of this document are Americans. Many people in America disliked the English, and calling the King a tyrant is not going to make them like England. The loyalists who already love England are not reading the "Declaration of Independence" to realize their love for America or King George. The target group that the Declaration was written for would have only become more for the revolution with the "tyranny" name calling (Jefferson 123).

 Another negative name calling propaganda that was used was "the merciless Indian savages, whose known rules of warfare is an undistinguished destruction of all ages, sexes, and conditions" (Jefferson 124). The Indians were not all "merciless" and "savage". Maybe one Indian acted savagely to white stranger and the impression stuck. I know that their were many Indians who aided the white settlers such as Squanto and Sacajawea. The Indians also did not fight in wars against white colonists or discriminate against "ages, sexes, or conditions" (Jefferson 124). While the colonists might have agreed with Jefferson, the line from the "Declaration of Independence" dates the document.

Although the Declaration of Independence, was a very important piece of writing at the time it was written in 1776, we can now realize that it used faulty logic and propaganda techniques. When this was written most people agreed with the ideas that were written, and that is why the false statements of the document were not prominent until later in history.

Jefferson, Thomas. "Declaration of Independence." Comp. Jeffrey D. Wilhelm, Ph.D. and Douglas Fisher, Ph.D. Glencoe Literature. American Literature ed. Columbus: McGraw-Hill Companies, 2009. 97-99. Print.

"Recognizing Propaganda Techniques and Errors of Faulty Logic." Cuesta College. 06 Mar. 2011. Web. 27 Sept. 2011 

Journal #10

If you brought mints to class next time, that would be awesome. I love any kind of mints there are. Besides tasting delicious, mints are actually beneficial to the students in class. The peppermint included in most kinds of mints, including Brach's Star Brites Mints, help stimulate the brain, helping wake it up. This makes it easier to concentrate in class, on important tests, and help the student remember details about what they've previously learned. When we were all in middle school, every year we had to participate in a week of standardized testing called ISAT week. During this week each student would take one test over a subject like Math, English, or Science in the morning and another different subject in the afternoon every day. Before each test, each teacher, during their talk of the instructions, would hand out a mint to each kid in the class, to help wake up their brain. Doing this helped us concentrate and work harder, and therefore do better on these tests. Some people in my class were not as big of fans of mints as I was, so basically before every test, I was able to eat three or four mints, which definitely made a difference! I ended up doing very well each year on these standardized tests. I know that having mints is not the reason I did so well on these tests, but I believe it helped me concentrate and remember more details during the test. If you brought mints to class next time, we would all be more alert in class discussions, and participate more because of the peppermint we will have consumed. The peppermint will have woken up our brains, and we will be ready for class to begin. (Plus, I just love mints, eating them in class always makes me super happy. For my birthday my mom gave me a five pound bag of spearmint mints. I eat them all the time.)

Journal #9

I enjoy the season of autumn. While its not my favorite (that would be summer and summer is amazing) I do like several parts of the season. I love looking at the leaves when the change colors. Whenever I drive around, it is always so pretty during the autumn. The leaves are red, gold, orange, yellow, and all kinds of different fall colors. When I was little I would always help my dad rake up the leaves in my backyard and then jump in them with my dog. It was always so much fun. Another thing I like in the autumn is that it gets colder, but not too cold.The weather calls for long pants and sweat shirts or sweater, which is basically what I live in past summer. But in the fall, it is not too cold that I need a winter jacket or anything. That is the worst part of the changing seasons: I hate the cold. I hate the feeling of being cold, and luckily I do not get that as much in the fall. I also love Halloween, which happens to fall during Autumn. It is probably one of my favorite holidays. Who wouldn't want to dress up in anything they wanted, get together with a group of friends, and walk around collecting lots and lots of candy?! Another thing that is great in the fall is the start of the NFL football season. I am a huge fan of the Green Bay Packers along with my dad. I own a part of their stock along with my dad and my sister Elizabeth. I always wear my jersey (Aaron Rogers, number 12!) and watch the games with my family every week. We eat finger food and yell at the television; It is a great time.I do enjoy the fall, and I am glad that we live in an area that is able to experience all four of the seasons there are.

Journal #8

When an emotional situation appears, it is smarter to approach the situation with a logical thinking. When somebody is emotional they are incapable of making a rational decision by themselves. Thinking in a logical way allows the person to see all the outcomes of their decision and make the best choice in that time. An example of this that is fairly common is when you have a family pet that is old and sick. This is an emotional time in the family because that pet has been around for years and is treated just as if it was part of the family. Making the decision to put that pet down is heart-wrenching. You do not want to see that pet die, but you know that he or she is in pain. An emotional decision would be to not put the pet down and try and do everything possible to keep it alive. Now this would be a good thing, if the pet was not in pain, or if that was not just prolonging the inevitable. A rational decision would be seeing if the pet would benefit from any more treatment, or if it would be the kindest thing to put the pet out of its pain and put he or she down. My family went through this ordeal last year with our dog Luke. He was a large yellow retriever who lived nine years. When he became sick, and was no longer strong enough to walk down our steps outside to go to the bathroom, or walk to his bowl to eat or drink, we had to make the decision to put him down. It was a very hard decision and we had to decide it as a family, and make a rational, logical decision. Luke was never going to get better, only more weak and more sick. So instead of prolonging his pain for our comfort, we put him down. This was a very emotional situation for my family that we were able to handle with a rational, logical approach.

The Crucible Act 4

The preacher, Jonathan Edwards, who, according to the Before You Read section in our textbook, was considered the most influential American writer before Benjamin Franklin, preached using the terrors of religion. Although I feel like I wouldn't have responded well to his intense preaching techniques, it must have worked for some people because we are still reading his speeches today. His harsh teachings try to scare his listeners into believing the word of God.

Edwards has many ways to engage his listeners and get them to feel his same emotion towards religion. For starters, he builds them up with his words and dramatic feelings. How can one not get caught up in a speech when the speaker is using such emotion? He also attempts to make the listener feel bad for their blessings by comparing them to the less fortunate. "What would not those poor damned, helpless souls give for one day's such opportunity as you now enjoy!" (Edwards 99). While I would probably not be this harsh, Edwards gets his message across, and his listeners will believe him. One harsh quote that stood out to me was the following. "You are ten thousand times so abominable in his eyes, as the most hateful and venomous serpent is in ours" (Edwards 98). I think the name calling and tearing down is unnecessary when trying to prove a point, especially because Edwards does not show much support for his own opinions. Edwards knows that there is a right and a wrong way with no gray in between when regarding God.

Similar to how Edwards uses anger and intense lessons to engage his readers, the characters of The Crucible use fear to find what they are looking for. They threaten, and eventually prove, that if you have any part in the act of witch craft, you will be hanged. If one was believed to be a part of the witch craft, they would be tortured until they admitted to it. How this served a purpose is beyond me because if you continue hurting someone to get them to admit something, of course they will admit to it even if it is falsified, like most women did in response to Abagail's accusations. In the end, people will be hanged if they did or didn't get involved in the witch craft. This was the case for John Proctor. He admitted to performing witch craft, but he was really innocent. John Edwards puts it best when he says, "God is dreadfully provoked, his anger is as great towards them as to the fierceness of his wrath in hell, and they have done nothing in the least" (Edwards 97).

Proctor's decision to admit to a crime that he did not commit was a large symbol in the novel. He offered himself as a way to end the rumors and conflict in his community. Judging by Jonathan Edwards' speech, he would most likely not have agreed with Proctor's actions. "Look at other things, as the good state of your bodily constitution, your care of your own life, and the means you use for your own preservation" (Edwards 97-98). However, Proctor made his decision and added a sympathetic touch to the story.

Journal #7

Bullying is still a huge problem in the world even with all the steps we take to stop it. A bully is a person who picks on someone verbally, or physically. When most people think of bullying, they only think of the physical aspect. Now this is the most notice able form, being as you can see bruises and other wounds on the actual victim. Bully's pick on other kids physically because they probably do not have the best life. They pick on others so they can feel better about themselves. They want to feel superior and strong, they pick on a small, defenseless kid. The bully's victim is effected by this bullying. If the bully is picking on the kid at school, that kid might be frightened to attend his own school and not want to go. It can instill a fear into the kid that might last their entire life.When a kid is bullied emotionally, it has a much greater affect. Emotional damage is less noticeable  but hurts much more than any physical damage that can be done. It is more possible that girls will hurt each other with their words while boys will more likely be a physical bully. Emotional damage can force a kid to doubt him or herself and start to believe the terrible things that the bully says to them. A horrible consequence of too much emotional bullying could be a suicide. As technology is advancing, so is another form of bullying. Now people are able to bully through the internet. People can leave hate comments, or call someone out online that they would normally not do that in person. Online bulling is almost worse because the people can bully anonymously. This form of bulling is awful because it makes kids scared to be in there own home on the privacy of their own computer. As a whole, everyone needs to take a stand against bullying, to stop the terrible treatment.

The Crucible Act 3

As humans, we all react to situations differently because no two people are exactly alike and think exactly alike. We call this a fact of human nature. At the same time, however, there a few major reactions and observations that people make and generalize to create something called human nature. There are positive and negative forms of human nature in which people do. Sometimes things that are in our nature are not good things, such as some of the events that are occurring in The Crucible during Act III.

Throughout the witch trials, the husbands are all trying to defend their wives (Miller III). That is human nature. You protect what is yours and what you love. That would be considered positive human nature, in my opinion, because you are trying to help someone. Also in Act III, Proctor defends himself (Miller 117).  Proctor was defending himself because that is just what us humans do. When someone wrongly accuses you, you tend to defend yourself. I think if you do not defend yourself, then you are just a coward. But in the case of some of the women in The Crucible, they started to believe that they were actually possessed by the devil (Miller 79). That is also human nature. When you hear something so much, you start to believe it. Even though you may have initially denied it, once it is said so much, it makes you question it yourself. Human nature that we think of today is essentially the positive kind, and that makes sense. We do not fault ourselves, so going along with human nature, we do not think that we do any wrong.

Although we think of the more positive side of human nature, there are definitely plenty on the negative side too. In The Crucible, Abigail is the definition of negative human nature. She is only trying to save her butt, but in doing that, she has to lie. She has accused so many innocent women of doing wrong that there is no way she could take it back (Miller 48). That is definitely a form of negative human nature. Once you are in so deep, it is hard to turn back the right way. Mary Warren also shows some negative human nature qualities before she became an honest person and confessed that she and the rest of the girls had been lying about everything that they saw (Miller 102).  But when very few people believe her and Abigail keeps denying the whole thing, Mary becomes so overwhelmed. She lowers herself to the rest of the girls, and she accuses Proctor of being of the devil (Miller 118). Throughout all of The Crucible, negative human nature is also prominent.

     Overall, human nature is human nature. That is the best way to put it. Everyone is a human being and with that comes the fact of human nature. It is what we do. We use our instincts, we act the same way given different situations and cannot change that. Human nature is both negative and positive in a sense, although most people do not really recognize the negative side of it. Human nature is in everyone, even if they do not think it is.

Miller, Arthur. The Crucible: a Play in Four Acts. Harmondsworth, Eng.: Penguin, 1976. Print.   
 

Journal #6

The act of Blaming someone for something that they did not do, is never ever right. If you are trying to cover up for someone else or even yourself, the lie will come back almost for sure bite you in the bottom. When you blame someone else you get them into trouble and a bad situation that they did not deserve. They had not done anything wrong until you decided to blame them for something. After the blame is placed on them they try and say "It was not me!" But no one ever believes them, because they believe that the accuser, also known as you, blamed the right person who did the crime. And most likely unless you are found out, that person will receive the consequences that were not meant for them, but you. Most of the time when someone blames somebody else they will lie. And once they lie once, it is very easy to keep adding onto the lie and blaming others, or adding to the blame of the person. Then after a while all the lies become too much, and someone will find them out. This is exactly what Abigail is doing in the play, The Crucible, that were are currently reading in class. Sooner or later they townspeople are bound to figure out that she is just throwing out names to take the blame of the crime off her. Abigail will then receive a far worse punishment then she would have received if she would have just confessed in the very beginning. Also, she could have the blood of the accused witches who were hung on her hands, because she had no basis for accusing them in the first place. All in all it is much simpler to just confess and take the consequence, then it is to lie and try and pin the blame on someone else. Trying this will never work, just apologize and take your punishment.

The Crucible: Act 2

According to the True Colors test we took in class, every person can be summed up in one out of four color personalities. The characters of The Crucible are no exception. Personality traits such as the thinker, doer, planner, and helper can be used to describe almost everyone. Relating these character traits to the characters in the Crucible can help us better understand them.

John Proctor, popular in Act Two for his affair with Abigail Williams, is a very strong example of a gold personality (planner). He was a proud man and worked hard to keep himself good in name. He was accused of doing bad things with Abigail and later admitted to them. He told his wife, "I should have roared you down when first you told me your suspicion. But I wilted, and, like a Christian, I confessed. Confessed! Some dream I had must have mistaken you for God that day. But you're not, you're not, and let you remember it! Let you took sometimes for the goodness in me, and judge me not (Miller 55)." After all of the wrong that he did, John continued to try to keep his family together. Gold personalities are very power oriented and show leaership, so I think John fits nicely into the category (Lowry Online).

The next color of the four personality types is green. Knowing that green (thinker) describes a clever, research oriented person, I think Reverend Hale suits the color best (Lowry Online). He served as the peace maker for the novel. John and Elizabeth Proctor called upon Hale to help them end their marriage issues. He acted as a judge hearing both sides and making conclusions. He also spent a lot of time in search of the witches. His Christian ways caused him to examine Betty for witchcraft as if she was a science experiment. The reverend was nosy and very interesed into the religious views of the Proctor's, and he encouraged the community to testify in the witchcraft case.

The next category is blue (helper), which portrays an emotional, romantic character (Lowry Online). Out of the characters in The Crucible, I would choose Elizabeth Proctor as a blue personality. She stands up for herself against her husband, John. She tries to come off as being tough during their argument, but is really emotional through the entire thing. A similar situation happened when she was being arrested. She tried to be tough through it, but the narrator admits that there were tears in her eyes.

Finally, we have a yellow personality (doer). I am picking Abigail Williams for this group becuase she is a free spirit and does what she wants. She's a liar and looked down upon in the religion based society becuase of her wrong actions. Although she knows she is disrespected, Abigail continues to do what she wants.

Knowing the True Colors personality traits can help us better understand the characters in the Crucible. The four traits make the characters easier to understand and relate to. They also provide a basis to look for when analyzing the characters actions. 

Lowry, Don. "True Colors." True-colors.com. True Colors International. Web. 11 Sept. 2011.

Miller, Arthur. The Crucible. New York, NY. Penguin, 1976. Print.

Journal #5

I think that 21st century punishments are a good, fair idea. Before technology became such a part of everyday lives, just keeping kids stuck in their room was a punishment because they had no way to contact or interact with their friends or other fun things. Now when kids are grounded or sent to their room, they have their cell phones, game systems, and laptops to still entertain themselves. Being sent to their room with all that technology is hardly a punishment! Most kids would rather be using their phones, laptops, or game systems then talking to their parents anyway! Good punishments in the 21st century do have to do with limiting or simply taking away the kids access to their technology. Kids and teens depend on their cell phones, and laptops to stay connected and entertain themselves. Getting them taken away really limits the teen's ability to interact with others, which what the parents want. I have an iPhone now, but before I got that, I had a separate iPod and cell phone. My parents knew that my iPod meant more to me than my cell phone did, so when I would get in trouble, I would just get my iPod taken away. A punishment like taking away the teen or kid's personal laptop, cell phone or game system teaches them to maybe read a book, or play with other non-electronic things. Parents want their kids to be able to function in the real world, without the help of electronics, and that is why they punish kids the way they do. As I get older, instead of getting my phone or iPod taken away, I will get my car keys taken away. It has not happened yet, but getting my keys taken away would be a terrible punishment. I really enjoy driving, and I like being able to depend on myself to get places. After receiving my license, I think that it is kind of embarrassing to have my parents drive me anywhere. These are all good examples of a fair 21st century punishment.

The Crucible: Puritan Writings

The Crucible takes place in Salem, Massachusetts during the famous Salem Witch Trials. The Salem Witch Trials occurred during the late sixteenth century, and many "witches" were hung during this time. Salem was part of the Massachusetts Bay Colony which was founded as a haven for Puritans to practice their beliefs separate from the Church of England. In regards to the other towns of the Massachusetts Bay colony, Salem was run pretty similar. The church in Salem is what the town mostly revolved around, and they held their meetings at a central town square. The town was governed through its religious figures, such as Reverend Samuel Parris in The Crucible. Arthur Miller wrote The Crucible in 1953, hundreds of years after the Salem Witch Trials had started and ended. Although himself not a Puritan, Miller was able to put himself in a Puritan's place, and embody the ideas of Puritanism during the Salem Witch Trials in his writings.

As the play begins, Reverend Parris's daughter, Betty, is ill after having fainted in the woods. She was with a group of friends, and the cause of her fainting was said to be the reverend had scared her when he jumped out and surprised them. The doctor visits the reverend's house and informs him that he believes there are unnatural things, meaning witchcraft and the devil, that caused Betty's illness. As a reverend, Parris is obviously a very religious man, so he is quick to deny the doctor's conclusion. The doctor and many others of the town think that the girl's strange behavior is caused because of the Devil (Miller). The Puritan religion is strongly based off of it's religious aspects. They believed in Predestination, the providence of God, and had utmost faith in their God. Being accused of "witchcraft" and therefore fraternizing with the Devil was a terrible sin. Because of their strong faith in their religion and their god, they are quick to just assume that the girls are acting strange because of the devil. "The Devil can never overcome a minister. You know that, do you not?" (Miller 46) The Puritans believe that their ministers and other high religious people are close to God, and are not able to be corrupt, which we now know that most were back then.

Their religion gets in the way of the Puritans thinking logically about what actually happened to the girls that night. Betty and many other girls were out with Tituba, and they are dancing around while, for a reason that is not exactly clear, they drink chicken blood. Word of this got around, and everyone is filled with the idea that they are witches. With this idea and no medical diagnosis for what is wrong with Betty, they called in an expert on witchcraft. This man, Reverend Hale, tries to figure everything that had happened and come up with a reason why. It finishes off with Abigail and Betty, at this point completely awake, slandering several others as people who are in cahoots with the Devil (Miller). These girls are only trying to take the blame off themselves when they begin to give the other manes out, who probably have not done anything wrong.

Miller, Arthur. The Crucible: A Play in Four Acts. New York, NY: Penguin, 2003. Print.

Journal #4

In my family, we travel a lot. We go on vacations to visit family, see sights, and experience new things. My first plane ride was when I was three or four years old, going to Arizona to visit my grandparents. One of my favorite vacations that I went on was Christmas break of my freshman year. Almost my whole entire extended family traveled to Las Vegas for the week. My family, and my grandpa flew form Springfield, my uncle and aunt flew from Washington D.C., and my other aunt and uncle and his son and their new one month old baby drove over from California. This experience was so great because I was able to see all my family from different parts of the country together in one place. It was better to travel somewhere else to meet, instead of at someone's home because it is way more stress free. There is not any thing to get ready for the visit, only time to spend with your family. I have been to many states, some multiple times, and I think I has made me a better person. Traveling to many different places like Las Vegas, Washington D.C., Disney World, and Texas, shows how other parts of the country work. When my family goes on trips we try and go somewhere where we have never been or want to learn more about. I have been to both Space Centers, all the sights at Washington D.C., the Mall of America, and The Green Bay Packer Stadium, Lambeau Field.

Some people just go on trips to the beach to relax, but I like the fact that we are able to learn new things on our family vacations. It's a nice change to go somewhere else and immerse yourself in the differences of that area. Traveling to Baton Rouge, Louisiana for example is very different then traveling to maybe Syracuse, New York. When I get older and can travel for myself I plan on going to Europe and Asia and seeing all of the wonder sights that are to be seen there. The pyramids, the Eiffel Tower, and the Coliseum are some sights that I would hopefully visit sometime in my life.

Of Pylmouth Plantation

Most writings of the early colonial era have the same Puritan ideals. In a Roman Catholic society in England, a group of religious people came to disagree with several of the leaders and teachings in the Catholic Church. They wanted to purify the Catholic religion and teach it to others.These people were soon known as the Puritans and wanted to move to America to have a free place to practice their ideals. One group of Puritans that arrived in America on the Mayflower, housed a man named William Bradford. Bradford is most well known for his writings in Of Plymouth Plantation, a journal that documents the happenings of the beginnings of the Plymouth colony. Like most other authors of the time, Bradford's writings strongly reflect of the Puritan religion.

The story that Bradford wrote proved that God was of major importance to the Puritans. God was the first one that they honored when they arrived in the new country. "Being thus arrived in a good harbor, and brought safe to land, they fell upon their knees and blessed the God of Heaven who had brought them over the vast and furious ocean, and delivered them from all the perils and miseries thereof, again to set their feet on the firm and stable earth, their proper element (Bradford 65)." Of Plymouth Plantation also tells the tale of one man who planned on overthrowing many men on their ship the Mayflower. The man wanted to get rid of all the diseased men on the ship by throwing them overboard. In the end, the man ended up becoming very ill and being the first to die and to be thrown overboard. The Puritans blamed this entire situation on the man being evil and his death was the way God repaid him. "Thus his curses light on his own head, and it was an astonishment to all his fellows, for they noted it to be the just hand of God upon him (Bradford 15)." Religion has been used in every Puritan writing piece that we have read so far.  The people lived their lives and made decisions depending on how it would be portrayed in God's eyes.

We learn a lot about the harsh relationship between the Puritans and Indians in our history classes. The Pilgrims took over their land and pushed them out. However, Of Plymouth Plantation shows the other side of the relationship. The Puritans and Indians created a peace between them, even after all of the struggles they had. An Indian called Squanto helped join the two sides and was described as being "a special instrument sent of God for their good beyond their expectations (Bradford 67)." He could speak English very well, so he was able to translate between the Puritans and the Indians in their exchanges. Squanto also helped the Puritans become comfortable with their new life in America. He was the one who introduced them to farming and new tools and techniques. These new ideals were the driving force in  making the Plymouth colony succeed.

Bradford, William. "Of Plymouth Plantation." Comp. Jeffrey D. Wilhelm, Ph.D. and Douglas Fisher, Ph.D. Glencoe Literature. American Literature ed. Columbus: McGraw-Hill Companies, 2009. 64-67. Print.